This panel proposes to discuss the reform of the Brazilian State as a structural condition for building effective global leadership and tackling domestic inequalities. In a context of reconfiguration of the international order, the State’s capacity to coordinate public policies, mobilise resources and implement transformative agendas becomes a central element for Brazil to exercise leadership in the multipolar scenario. The debate will address the institutional, budgetary and management challenges running through the public machinery, exploring how modernisation of the state apparatus can simultaneously strengthen internal governance and expand the country’s international projection.